Coat of arms Indonesia

The Pancasila idea was first described by President Sukarno in a speech in June 1945. Pancasila, (pronounced IPA: [panʧaˈsila]), is the official philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state. Pancasila consists of two Sanskrit words, "panca" meaning five, and "sila" meaning principle.

1. Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa ( monotheism )
2. Kemanusiaan Yang Adil dan Beradab ( nationalism )
3. Persatuan Indonesia ( humanism or internationalism )
4.Kerakyatan Yang Dipimpin Oleh Hikmat Kebijaksanaan Dalam Permusyawaratan Perwakilan ( representative government or democracy )
5. Keadilan Sosial Bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia ( social justice )

The Five Principles

1. Belief in the one and only God

This principle of Pancasila reaffirms the Indonesian people’s belief that God does exist. It also implies that the Indonesian people believe in life after death. It emphasizes that the pursuit of sacred values will lead the people to a better life in the hereafter.

2. Just and Civilized Humanity

This principle requires that human beings be treated with due regard to their dignity as God’s creatures. It emphasizes that the Indonesian people do not tolerate physical or spiritual oppression of human beings by their own peple or by any other nation.

3. The Unity of Indonesia

This principle embodies the concept of nationalism, of love for one’s nation and motherland. It envisages the need to always foster national unity and integrity. Pancasila nationalism demands that Indonesians avoid feelings of superiority on ethnical grounds, for reasons of ancestry and color of the skin. In 1928 Indonesian youth pedged to have one country,one nation and one language, while the Indonesian coat of arms enshrines the symbol of "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" which means "unity in diversity".

4. Democracy Guided by the Inner Wisdom in the Unanimity Arising Out of Deliberations Amongst Representatives

Pancasila democracy calls for decision-making through deliberations, or "musyawarah", to reach a consensus, or "mufakat". It is democracy that lives up to the princples of Pancasila. This implies that democratic right must always be exercised with a deep sense of responsibility to God Almighty according to one’s own convictin and religious belief, with respect for humanitarian values of man’s dignity and integrity, and with a view to preserving and strengthening national unity and the pursuit of social justice.

5. Social Justice for the Whole of the People of Indonesia

This principle calls for the equitable spread of welfare to the entire population, not in a static but in a dynamic and progressive way. This means that all the country’s natural resources and the national potentials should be utilized for the greatest possible good and happiness of the people.
Social justice implies protection of the weak. But protection should not deny them work. On the contrary, they should work according to their abilities and fields of activity. Protection should prevent willful treatment by the strong and ensure the rule of justice.

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